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e, friend, or neighbor; for the sake of faith, one mayrefuse to flee in time of persecution (see 1006), or m The common opinion favorsthe negative side and consequently maintains that the consecration of aBishop is not sacramental. In the collateral line it invalidates to thethird degree inclusively, that is, between a man and a woman whoseparents are related as first cousins or even more closely. (b) It is committed by unmarried persons, and thus itdiffers from adultery.

(c) If the communication is truthful, but the defects are secret andunknown to the parties addressed, there is defamation, unless theperson whose de Duties of the Confessor-Judge in Deciding about the Case. The case of young men who are educated free of charge in theexpectation that they will go on to the priesthood and who do notpersevere. Is thisdefamation, or is it sinful?(a) To lower a person in his own estimation is not defamation in thestrict sense of the word, since def